I chose the
journal The IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting which 2011 had an IF of 1.703. this is a journal that includes publications about the whole broadcast technology field, which includes many aspects of broadcasting, including distribution which interests me very much.
The article I chose is “No-Reference Image
Quality Analysis for Compressed Video Sequences” by Arnd Eden and it comes from
the journal above. The article looks at compression artifacts in images and
they show that there’s a correlation between the artifacts and the spatial
activity in the image. The article presents an approach on how to measure image
quality based on how human perceives the image. The usual way of measuring image
quality is objective and done by algorithms, so the problem here with their subjective
measurement is that they need to base the whole new idea upon people’s thoughts
on what good image quality is.
1.
Sense
–data is introduced after a discussion on whether a table is a table and
whether there is any knowledge that are certain to all people. A table is, of
course a table if you look at it, but if you zoom in and looks closer, is it
still a table? This is also the same if you touch a table, you can touch harder
and get a different sense of touch. Russell raises two questions, “Is there a
real table at all” and “If so, what sort of object can it be?”. Sense-data is
therefore the things we feel by perception, the things that we register
immediately, like the color or the shape. BUT, the problem with sense-data is
the question if it really exists independently from us, or if it’s just a
social creation or creations by people’s minds and ideas. But still all
philosophers say that the first question is true, the table exists, even though
the sense-data depends on our minds. The sense-data is the one thing we can be
certain of.
2. A proposition is when we know
certain things and specifics about for example a man, but we are not acquainted
to this thing personally and we don’t know exactly what it is. Statement of
fact is more of a “knowledge by description” when we state something that are known
to be true about this thing.
3. Definite description involves the
difference between ambiguous descriptions, which is a non definite description
of the form “a man”. The example Russell talks about is when you say “the man
with the iron mask” instead. Then you know which man he talks about, it’s a
definite description, even though you don’t know him personally.
4. The knowledge which we base on the
intuitive knowledge is call derivative knowledge, and this knowledge we can
test. This is no problem. The problem comes with intuitive knowledge, where we
can’t test what is true and what’s not. This intuitive knowledge needs to be
self-evident and this knowledge is trustworthy in a direct proportion to its
self-evidence.
He says that the problem of “modern thought” is
that it’s based on that you show that your contradictions is false and not that
you prove it from what you theoretically think must be true and why this is so.
Russell says therefore that the main difference
between science and philosophy is criticism. The philosophy looks at knowledge in another
way and finds outs the inconsistencies which sometimes the science is built upon
and this way the philosophers minimizes the risk of error.
